More than two decades after scientists first sequenced the entire human genome—all 3 billion base pairs, of DNA code—the ...

Scientists may be able to add capabilities gradually instead of rebuilding life's operating system all at once.

Nevertheless, some preliminary steps have been taken. Researchers have managed to add some new amino acids to a bacterial ...

More than two decades after scientists first sequenced the entire human genome - all 3 billion "letters," or base pairs, of ...

Researchers at UC San Diego have demonstrated that a key cellular enzyme can accurately read an eight-letter genetic alphabet ...

The genetic code is the recipe for life, and provides the instructions for how to make proteins, generally using just 20 amino acids. But certain groups of microbes have an expanded genetic code, in ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Recent breakthroughs in genetics research may have uncovered new genes underlying common psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia and ...

Nearly every cell in the human body contains essentially the same genetic information, yet different cells activate different genes. For regulatory proteins to reach these genes, DNA must be ...

An essential cellular enzyme successfully transcribed synthetic DNA letters, bringing expanded genetic codes closer to biological use.

There may be no invention more important to the smooth functioning of consumer commerce than the bar code, that pattern of skinny lines that turns a simple cash register into an impressive ...

DNA and a Creator claim explained: a chemist argues the molecule proves design, but RNA World research offers testable natural steps that challenge that conclusion.

All known life on Earth uses the same genetic alphabet, consisting of four letters. Now, researchers at the University of ...